IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGIES IN NEUROLOGY
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| IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGIES IN NEUROLOGY |
Aneurysm: Dilation or ballooning of an artery wall as a result of
injury, disease, or a congenital condition.
Arteriovenous malformation (AVM): A collection of blood vessels
with abnormal communication between the arteries and veins.
It may be the result of injury, infection, or a congenital
condition. OR An abnormal collection of vessels
that is not clearly defined as arterial or venous.
Astrocytes: Cells that support the nerve cells (neurons) of the
brain and spinal cord by providing nutrients and insulation.
Bone flap: A section of bone removed from the skull during
craniotomy procedures.
Craniectomy: Removal of a section of the cranium for treatment
of intracranial pressure. A cranioplasty is performed at a later
time, once the condition is stabilized.
Cranioplasty: Reconstruction of a portion of the cranium lost as a
result of disease or trauma.
Craniotomy: Surgical opening into the cranial cavity.
Embolization: A technique used to occlude a blood vessel. Various
materials, including platinum coils and microscopic plastic
particles, are injected into the vessel under fluoroscopy control
to stop active bleeding or prevent bleeding.
Intracranial pressure (ICP): The pressure within the skull exerted
by the brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid.
Spondylosis: Narrowing of the spinal canal. The condition can
create chronic pain, especially in the areas where the spinal
nerves exit the cord.
Stereotactic: A computerized method of locating a point in space
or in tissue, by the use of coordinates in three dimensions.
During stereotactic surgery, the precise location of a tumor or
other tissue can be identified from outside the body. The tissue
can then be targeted for destruction
Craniotomy Procedure in which the skull is opened.
Glioma Tumor that arises between the neurons in the connective
tissue.
Malignant cancerous tumor Primary tumor that begins in the
brain and can spread to other central nervous system (CNS)
tissue.
Nonmalignant benign tumor Tumor that does not spread or
invade local tissue; can be injurious or fatal.
Secondary tumor Tumor that spreads to the brain from another
area of the body. Metastatic cells from breast or lung form
multiple
brain tumors, for example.
Shunt Temporary or permanent bypass of a vascular or drainage
system.
.
Subdural hematoma A collection of blood under the dural layer of
meninges.
Trephine Creation of an opening into the skull (sometimes
referred to as trepan).
Tumor A collection of cells that exhibit uncontrolled growth. Brain
tumors are named for the type of cell that mutates or for the
location of origin..
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